Inputs are resources that are given in order to solve a certain problem. (Ingredients for cooking a cake, such as milk, sugar, etc.)
Outputs are the final results of the solutions. (Cake).
Pre-planning is the process of planning before the actual process of the solution. (Gantt chart is a chart that presents the tasks and the time periods allocated for each of them.)
Pre-conditions are conditions that need to be met in order to start solving the problem (Checking if ingredients (milk, sugar) are available for cooking).
Post-conditions are conditions that need to be met after solving the problem (Checking the availability of place to eat the the cake).